Hip osteoarthritis often makes it impossible to extend the hip.
A fixed flexion deformity or FFD. It's also impossible to stand up straight.
The discovery of x-ray films, at the end of the 19th century identified the culprit. Worn out hips and knees. The cause of that crippling pain.
The x-ray films showed:
Less hip joint space than normal,
Dense ‘white’ bone around the joint
And an irregular ball and socket.
All pointed to a worn-out hip as the cause of pain.
What to do about it?
Early surgery for severe hip pain simply chopped out the worn bits
Leaving the deep tissues to scar up and toughen up:
A so-called ‘Girdlestone’,
..named after the eponymous Oxford professor.
The other surgical option removed all of the soft tissue from the hip and plated or screwed the 2x bones together.
Like a broken bone the two bits healed, and fused together to become one:
a so-called hip fusion.
BUT both operations
..causing more problems later on.
There was a clear unknowing demand for something better..